EXPLAIN#

Synopsis#

EXPLAIN [ ( option [, ...] ) ] statement

where option can be one of:

FORMAT { TEXT | GRAPHVIZ | JSON }
TYPE { LOGICAL | DISTRIBUTED | VALIDATE | IO }

Description#

Show the logical or distributed execution plan of a statement, or validate the statement. The distributed plan is shown by default. Each plan fragment of the distributed plan is executed by a single or multiple Trino nodes. Fragments separation represent the data exchange between Trino nodes. Fragment type specifies how the fragment is executed by Trino nodes and how the data is distributed between fragments:

SINGLE

Fragment is executed on a single node.

HASH

Fragment is executed on a fixed number of nodes with the input data distributed using a hash function.

ROUND_ROBIN

Fragment is executed on a fixed number of nodes with the input data distributed in a round-robin fashion.

BROADCAST

Fragment is executed on a fixed number of nodes with the input data broadcasted to all nodes.

SOURCE

Fragment is executed on nodes where input splits are accessed.

Examples#

EXPLAIN (TYPE LOGICAL)#

Process the supplied query statement and create a logical plan in text format:

EXPLAIN (TYPE LOGICAL) SELECT regionkey, count(*) FROM nation GROUP BY 1;
                                                   Query Plan
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Trino version: version
 Output[regionkey, _col1]
 │   Layout: [regionkey:bigint, count:bigint]
 │   Estimates: {rows: ? (?), cpu: ?, memory: ?, network: ?}
 │   _col1 := count
 └─ RemoteExchange[GATHER]
    │   Layout: [regionkey:bigint, count:bigint]
    │   Estimates: {rows: ? (?), cpu: ?, memory: ?, network: ?}
    └─ Aggregate(FINAL)[regionkey]
       │   Layout: [regionkey:bigint, count:bigint]
       │   Estimates: {rows: ? (?), cpu: ?, memory: ?, network: ?}
       │   count := count("count_8")
       └─ LocalExchange[HASH][$hashvalue] ("regionkey")
          │   Layout: [regionkey:bigint, count_8:bigint, $hashvalue:bigint]
          │   Estimates: {rows: ? (?), cpu: ?, memory: ?, network: ?}
          └─ RemoteExchange[REPARTITION][$hashvalue_9]
             │   Layout: [regionkey:bigint, count_8:bigint, $hashvalue_9:bigint]
             │   Estimates: {rows: ? (?), cpu: ?, memory: ?, network: ?}
             └─ Project[]
                │   Layout: [regionkey:bigint, count_8:bigint, $hashvalue_10:bigint]
                │   Estimates: {rows: ? (?), cpu: ?, memory: ?, network: ?}
                │   $hashvalue_10 := "combine_hash"(bigint '0', COALESCE("$operator$hash_code"("regionkey"), 0))
                └─ Aggregate(PARTIAL)[regionkey]
                   │   Layout: [regionkey:bigint, count_8:bigint]
                   │   count_8 := count(*)
                   └─ TableScan[tpch:nation:sf0.01]
                          Layout: [regionkey:bigint]
                          Estimates: {rows: 25 (225B), cpu: 225, memory: 0B, network: 0B}
                          regionkey := tpch:regionkey

EXPLAIN (TYPE LOGICAL, FORMAT JSON)#

Warning

The output format is not guaranteed to be backward compatible across Trino versions.

Process the supplied query statement and create a logical plan in JSON format:

EXPLAIN (TYPE LOGICAL, FORMAT JSON) SELECT regionkey, count(*) FROM nation GROUP BY 1;
{
   "id": "9",
   "name": "Output",
   "descriptor": {
      "columnNames": "[regionkey, _col1]"
   },
   "outputs": [
      {
         "symbol": "regionkey",
         "type": "bigint"
      },
      {
         "symbol": "count",
         "type": "bigint"
      }
   ],
   "details": [
      "_col1 := count"
   ],
   "estimates": [
      {
         "outputRowCount": "NaN",
         "outputSizeInBytes": "NaN",
         "cpuCost": "NaN",
         "memoryCost": "NaN",
         "networkCost": "NaN"
      }
   ],
   "children": [
      {
         "id": "145",
         "name": "RemoteExchange",
         "descriptor": {
            "type": "GATHER",
            "isReplicateNullsAndAny": "",
            "hashColumn": ""
         },
         "outputs": [
            {
               "symbol": "regionkey",
               "type": "bigint"
            },
            {
               "symbol": "count",
               "type": "bigint"
            }
         ],
         "details": [

         ],
         "estimates": [
            {
               "outputRowCount": "NaN",
               "outputSizeInBytes": "NaN",
               "cpuCost": "NaN",
               "memoryCost": "NaN",
               "networkCost": "NaN"
            }
         ],
         "children": [
            {
               "id": "4",
               "name": "Aggregate",
               "descriptor": {
                  "type": "FINAL",
                  "keys": "[regionkey]",
                  "hash": ""
               },
               "outputs": [
                  {
                     "symbol": "regionkey",
                     "type": "bigint"
                  },
                  {
                     "symbol": "count",
                     "type": "bigint"
                  }
               ],
               "details": [
                  "count := count(\"count_0\")"
               ],
               "estimates": [
                  {
                     "outputRowCount": "NaN",
                     "outputSizeInBytes": "NaN",
                     "cpuCost": "NaN",
                     "memoryCost": "NaN",
                     "networkCost": "NaN"
                  }
               ],
               "children": [
                  {
                     "id": "194",
                     "name": "LocalExchange",
                     "descriptor": {
                        "partitioning": "HASH",
                        "isReplicateNullsAndAny": "",
                        "hashColumn": "[$hashvalue]",
                        "arguments": "[\"regionkey\"]"
                     },
                     "outputs": [
                        {
                           "symbol": "regionkey",
                           "type": "bigint"
                        },
                        {
                           "symbol": "count_0",
                           "type": "bigint"
                        },
                        {
                           "symbol": "$hashvalue",
                           "type": "bigint"
                        }
                     ],
                     "details":[],
                     "estimates": [
                        {
                           "outputRowCount": "NaN",
                           "outputSizeInBytes": "NaN",
                           "cpuCost": "NaN",
                           "memoryCost": "NaN",
                           "networkCost": "NaN"
                        }
                     ],
                     "children": [
                        {
                           "id": "200",
                           "name": "RemoteExchange",
                           "descriptor": {
                              "type": "REPARTITION",
                              "isReplicateNullsAndAny": "",
                              "hashColumn": "[$hashvalue_1]"
                           },
                           "outputs": [
                              {
                                 "symbol": "regionkey",
                                 "type": "bigint"
                              },
                              {
                                 "symbol": "count_0",
                                 "type": "bigint"
                              },
                              {
                                 "symbol": "$hashvalue_1",
                                 "type": "bigint"
                              }
                           ],
                           "details":[],
                           "estimates": [
                              {
                                 "outputRowCount": "NaN",
                                 "outputSizeInBytes": "NaN",
                                 "cpuCost": "NaN",
                                 "memoryCost": "NaN",
                                 "networkCost": "NaN"
                              }
                           ],
                           "children": [
                              {
                                 "id": "226",
                                 "name": "Project",
                                 "descriptor": {}
                                 "outputs": [
                                    {
                                       "symbol": "regionkey",
                                       "type": "bigint"
                                    },
                                    {
                                       "symbol": "count_0",
                                       "type": "bigint"
                                    },
                                    {
                                       "symbol": "$hashvalue_2",
                                       "type": "bigint"
                                    }
                                 ],
                                 "details": [
                                    "$hashvalue_2 := combine_hash(bigint '0', COALESCE(\"$operator$hash_code\"(\"regionkey\"), 0))"
                                 ],
                                 "estimates": [
                                    {
                                       "outputRowCount": "NaN",
                                       "outputSizeInBytes": "NaN",
                                       "cpuCost": "NaN",
                                       "memoryCost": "NaN",
                                       "networkCost": "NaN"
                                    }
                                 ],
                                 "children": [
                                    {
                                       "id": "198",
                                       "name": "Aggregate",
                                       "descriptor": {
                                          "type": "PARTIAL",
                                          "keys": "[regionkey]",
                                          "hash": ""
                                       },
                                       "outputs": [
                                          {
                                             "symbol": "regionkey",
                                             "type": "bigint"
                                          },
                                          {
                                             "symbol": "count_0",
                                             "type": "bigint"
                                          }
                                       ],
                                       "details": [
                                          "count_0 := count(*)"
                                       ],
                                       "estimates":[],
                                       "children": [
                                          {
                                             "id": "0",
                                             "name": "TableScan",
                                             "descriptor": {
                                                "table": "hive:tpch_sf1_orc_part:nation"
                                             },
                                             "outputs": [
                                                {
                                                   "symbol": "regionkey",
                                                   "type": "bigint"
                                                }
                                             ],
                                             "details": [
                                                "regionkey := regionkey:bigint:REGULAR"
                                             ],
                                             "estimates": [
                                                {
                                                   "outputRowCount": 25,
                                                   "outputSizeInBytes": 225,
                                                   "cpuCost": 225,
                                                   "memoryCost": 0,
                                                   "networkCost": 0
                                                }
                                             ],
                                             "children": []
                                          }
                                       ]
                                    }
                                 ]
                              }
                           ]
                        }
                     ]
                  }
               ]
            }
         ]
      }
   ]
}

EXPLAIN (TYPE DISTRIBUTED)#

Process the supplied query statement and create a distributed plan in text format. The distributed plan splits the logical plan into stages, and therefore explicitly shows the data exchange between workers:

EXPLAIN (TYPE DISTRIBUTED) SELECT regionkey, count(*) FROM nation GROUP BY 1;
                                              Query Plan
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Trino version: version
 Fragment 0 [SINGLE]
     Output layout: [regionkey, count]
     Output partitioning: SINGLE []
     Output[regionkey, _col1]
     │   Layout: [regionkey:bigint, count:bigint]
     │   Estimates: {rows: ? (?), cpu: ?, memory: ?, network: ?}
     │   _col1 := count
     └─ RemoteSource[1]
            Layout: [regionkey:bigint, count:bigint]

 Fragment 1 [HASH]
     Output layout: [regionkey, count]
     Output partitioning: SINGLE []
     Aggregate(FINAL)[regionkey]
     │   Layout: [regionkey:bigint, count:bigint]
     │   Estimates: {rows: ? (?), cpu: ?, memory: ?, network: ?}
     │   count := count("count_8")
     └─ LocalExchange[HASH][$hashvalue] ("regionkey")
        │   Layout: [regionkey:bigint, count_8:bigint, $hashvalue:bigint]
        │   Estimates: {rows: ? (?), cpu: ?, memory: ?, network: ?}
        └─ RemoteSource[2]
               Layout: [regionkey:bigint, count_8:bigint, $hashvalue_9:bigint]

 Fragment 2 [SOURCE]
     Output layout: [regionkey, count_8, $hashvalue_10]
     Output partitioning: HASH [regionkey][$hashvalue_10]
     Project[]
     │   Layout: [regionkey:bigint, count_8:bigint, $hashvalue_10:bigint]
     │   Estimates: {rows: ? (?), cpu: ?, memory: ?, network: ?}
     │   $hashvalue_10 := "combine_hash"(bigint '0', COALESCE("$operator$hash_code"("regionkey"), 0))
     └─ Aggregate(PARTIAL)[regionkey]
        │   Layout: [regionkey:bigint, count_8:bigint]
        │   count_8 := count(*)
        └─ TableScan[tpch:nation:sf0.01, grouped = false]
               Layout: [regionkey:bigint]
               Estimates: {rows: 25 (225B), cpu: 225, memory: 0B, network: 0B}
               regionkey := tpch:regionkey

EXPLAIN (TYPE DISTRIBUTED, FORMAT JSON)#

Warning

The output format is not guaranteed to be backward compatible across Trino versions.

Process the supplied query statement and create a distributed plan in JSON format. The distributed plan splits the logical plan into stages, and therefore explicitly shows the data exchange between workers:

EXPLAIN (TYPE DISTRIBUTED, FORMAT JSON) SELECT regionkey, count(*) FROM nation GROUP BY 1;
{
   "0" : {
      "id" : "9",
      "name" : "Output",
      "descriptor" : {
         "columnNames" : "[regionkey, _col1]"
      },
      "outputs" : [ {
         "symbol" : "regionkey",
         "type" : "bigint"
      }, {
         "symbol" : "count",
         "type" : "bigint"
      } ],
      "details" : [ "_col1 := count" ],
      "estimates" : [ {
         "outputRowCount" : "NaN",
         "outputSizeInBytes" : "NaN",
         "cpuCost" : "NaN",
         "memoryCost" : "NaN",
         "networkCost" : "NaN"
      } ],
      "children" : [ {
         "id" : "145",
         "name" : "RemoteSource",
         "descriptor" : {
            "sourceFragmentIds" : "[1]"
         },
         "outputs" : [ {
            "symbol" : "regionkey",
            "type" : "bigint"
         }, {
            "symbol" : "count",
            "type" : "bigint"
         } ],
         "details" : [ ],
         "estimates" : [ ],
         "children" : [ ]
      } ]
   },
   "1" : {
      "id" : "4",
      "name" : "Aggregate",
      "descriptor" : {
         "type" : "FINAL",
         "keys" : "[regionkey]",
         "hash" : "[]"
      },
      "outputs" : [ {
         "symbol" : "regionkey",
         "type" : "bigint"
      }, {
         "symbol" : "count",
         "type" : "bigint"
      } ],
      "details" : [ "count := count(\"count_0\")" ],
      "estimates" : [ {
         "outputRowCount" : "NaN",
         "outputSizeInBytes" : "NaN",
         "cpuCost" : "NaN",
         "memoryCost" : "NaN",
         "networkCost" : "NaN"
      } ],
      "children" : [ {
         "id" : "194",
         "name" : "LocalExchange",
         "descriptor" : {
            "partitioning" : "SINGLE",
            "isReplicateNullsAndAny" : "",
            "hashColumn" : "[]",
            "arguments" : "[]"
         },
         "outputs" : [ {
            "symbol" : "regionkey",
            "type" : "bigint"
         }, {
            "symbol" : "count_0",
            "type" : "bigint"
         } ],
         "details" : [ ],
         "estimates" : [ {
            "outputRowCount" : "NaN",
            "outputSizeInBytes" : "NaN",
            "cpuCost" : "NaN",
            "memoryCost" : "NaN",
            "networkCost" : "NaN"
         } ],
         "children" : [ {
            "id" : "227",
            "name" : "Project",
            "descriptor" : { },
            "outputs" : [ {
               "symbol" : "regionkey",
               "type" : "bigint"
            }, {
               "symbol" : "count_0",
               "type" : "bigint"
            } ],
            "details" : [ ],
            "estimates" : [ {
               "outputRowCount" : "NaN",
               "outputSizeInBytes" : "NaN",
               "cpuCost" : "NaN",
               "memoryCost" : "NaN",
               "networkCost" : "NaN"
            } ],
            "children" : [ {
               "id" : "200",
               "name" : "RemoteSource",
               "descriptor" : {
                  "sourceFragmentIds" : "[2]"
               },
               "outputs" : [ {
                  "symbol" : "regionkey",
                  "type" : "bigint"
               }, {
                  "symbol" : "count_0",
                  "type" : "bigint"
               }, {
                  "symbol" : "$hashvalue",
                  "type" : "bigint"
               } ],
               "details" : [ ],
               "estimates" : [ ],
               "children" : [ ]
            } ]
         } ]
      } ]
   },
   "2" : {
      "id" : "226",
      "name" : "Project",
      "descriptor" : { },
      "outputs" : [ {
         "symbol" : "regionkey",
         "type" : "bigint"
      }, {
         "symbol" : "count_0",
         "type" : "bigint"
      }, {
         "symbol" : "$hashvalue_1",
         "type" : "bigint"
      } ],
      "details" : [ "$hashvalue_1 := combine_hash(bigint '0', COALESCE(\"$operator$hash_code\"(\"regionkey\"), 0))" ],
      "estimates" : [ {
         "outputRowCount" : "NaN",
         "outputSizeInBytes" : "NaN",
         "cpuCost" : "NaN",
         "memoryCost" : "NaN",
         "networkCost" : "NaN"
      } ],
      "children" : [ {
         "id" : "198",
         "name" : "Aggregate",
         "descriptor" : {
            "type" : "PARTIAL",
            "keys" : "[regionkey]",
            "hash" : "[]"
         },
         "outputs" : [ {
            "symbol" : "regionkey",
            "type" : "bigint"
         }, {
            "symbol" : "count_0",
            "type" : "bigint"
         } ],
         "details" : [ "count_0 := count(*)" ],
         "estimates" : [ ],
         "children" : [ {
            "id" : "0",
            "name" : "TableScan",
            "descriptor" : {
               "table" : "tpch:tiny:nation"
            },
            "outputs" : [ {
               "symbol" : "regionkey",
               "type" : "bigint"
            } ],
            "details" : [ "regionkey := tpch:regionkey" ],
            "estimates" : [ {
               "outputRowCount" : 25.0,
               "outputSizeInBytes" : 225.0,
               "cpuCost" : 225.0,
               "memoryCost" : 0.0,
               "networkCost" : 0.0
            } ],
            "children" : [ ]
         } ]
      } ]
   }
}

EXPLAIN (TYPE VALIDATE)#

Validate the supplied query statement for syntactical and semantic correctness. Returns true if the statement is valid:

EXPLAIN (TYPE VALIDATE) SELECT regionkey, count(*) FROM nation GROUP BY 1;
 Valid
-------
 true

If the statement is not correct because a syntax error, such as an unknown keyword, is found the error message details the problem:

EXPLAIN (TYPE VALIDATE) SELET 1=0;
Query 20220929_234840_00001_vjwxj failed: line 1:25: mismatched input 'SELET'.
Expecting: 'ALTER', 'ANALYZE', 'CALL', 'COMMENT', 'COMMIT', 'CREATE',
'DEALLOCATE', 'DELETE', 'DENY', 'DESC', 'DESCRIBE', 'DROP', 'EXECUTE',
'EXPLAIN', 'GRANT', 'INSERT', 'MERGE', 'PREPARE', 'REFRESH', 'RESET',
'REVOKE', 'ROLLBACK', 'SET', 'SHOW', 'START', 'TRUNCATE', 'UPDATE', 'USE',
<query>

Similarly if semantic issues are detected, such as an invalid object name nations instead of nation, the error message returns useful information:

EXPLAIN(TYPE VALIDATE) SELECT * FROM tpch.tiny.nations;
Query 20220929_235059_00003_vjwxj failed: line 1:15: Table 'tpch.tiny.nations' does not exist
SELECT * FROM tpch.tiny.nations

EXPLAIN (TYPE IO)#

Process the supplied query statement and create a plan with input and output details about the accessed objects in JSON format:

EXPLAIN (TYPE IO, FORMAT JSON) INSERT INTO test_lineitem
SELECT * FROM lineitem WHERE shipdate = '2020-02-01' AND quantity > 10;
            Query Plan
-----------------------------------
{
   inputTableColumnInfos: [
      {
         table: {
            catalog: "hive",
            schemaTable: {
               schema: "tpch",
               table: "test_orders"
            }
         },
         columnConstraints: [
            {
               columnName: "orderkey",
               type: "bigint",
               domain: {
                  nullsAllowed: false,
                  ranges: [
                     {
                        low: {
                           value: "1",
                           bound: "EXACTLY"
                        },
                        high: {
                           value: "1",
                           bound: "EXACTLY"
                        }
                     },
                     {
                        low: {
                           value: "2",
                           bound: "EXACTLY"
                        },
                        high: {
                           value: "2",
                           bound: "EXACTLY"
                        }
                     }
                  ]
               }
            },
            {
               columnName: "processing",
               type: "boolean",
               domain: {
                  nullsAllowed: false,
                  ranges: [
                     {
                        low: {
                           value: "false",
                           bound: "EXACTLY"
                        },
                        high: {
                           value: "false",
                           bound: "EXACTLY"
                        }
                     }
                  ]
               }
            },
            {
               columnName: "custkey",
               type: "bigint",
               domain: {
                  nullsAllowed: false,
                  ranges: [
                     {
                        low: {
                           bound: "ABOVE"
                        },
                        high: {
                           value: "10",
                           bound: "EXACTLY"
                        }
                     }
                  ]
               }
            }
         ],
         estimate: {
            outputRowCount: 2,
            outputSizeInBytes: 40,
            cpuCost: 40,
            maxMemory: 0,
            networkCost: 0
         }
      }
   ],
   outputTable: {
      catalog: "hive",
      schemaTable: {
         schema: "tpch",
         table: "test_orders"
      }
   },
   estimate: {
      outputRowCount: "NaN",
      outputSizeInBytes: "NaN",
      cpuCost: "NaN",
      maxMemory: "NaN",
      networkCost: "NaN"
   }
}

See also#

EXPLAIN ANALYZE